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Chameleon fossils have been found in central Europe and China, indicating they were once much more widespread than they are now.
Trioceros goetzei (Goetze’s Chameleon) emits an audible, high pitched whistle when threatened.
True chameleons include the following genera: Archaius, Bradypodion, Brookesia, Calumma, Chamaeleo, Furcifer, Kinyongia, Nadzikambia, Palleon, Rhampholeon, Rieppeleon and Trioceros.
Chameleons change color by rearranging a lattice of nanocrystals in one of their top layers of skin cells called iridophores. Chameleons can then stretch this layer, broadening the nanocrystalline lattice, thereby causing it to reflect a different wavelength of light.
Pygmy chameleons are sometimes referred to as False Chameleons. This term is actually incorrect and is in reference to anoles, particularly the Cuban False Anole.
Chameleons do have taste buds on their tongue but overall they have a poor sense of taste.
The word Furcifer is derived from the Latin word “furci” or forked.
The horns on a chameleon are made up of ringlike segments of inner bone covered by a hard keratin-like skin.
Chameleons do not have external ears or a tympanic membrane, but they do have internal ears as well as degenerated middle ears. They do not hear well but they can detect low frequency sounds.
Some chameleons play dead to avoid predation; this is called thanatosis.
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