They are mites. While they can be devastating to plants, they likely wouldn't bother the chameleon directly, though possible, especially if the plant dried up and No others were around. You'll have to sterilize everything to ensure you are rid of them.
New plants should be quarantined for a couple of weeks before putting them into cages for maximum safety. Wash the plant, repot, and replace the soil, and keep in a separate room for a couple weeks while taking note of any signals the plant might give you during that time.
As far as eliminating the mites, seach on Google for "Plant spider mites" and you'll find plenty of methods. Use the least toxic ones first, and wash and rinse very thoroughly before returning the plant.