https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer
Modern hygrometers
Capacitive
For applications where cost, space, or fragility are relevant, other types of electronic sensors are used, at the price of a lower accuracy. In capacitive hygrometers, the effect of humidity on the
dielectric constant of a
polymer or metal oxide material is measured. With calibration, these sensors have an accuracy of
±2% RH in the range 5–95% RH. Without calibration, the accuracy is 2 to 3 times worse. Capacitive sensors are robust against effects such as condensation and temporary high temperatures.
[6] Capacitive sensors are subject to contamination, drift and aging effects, but they are suitable for many applications.
Resistive
In resistive hygrometers, the change in
electrical resistance of a material due to humidity is measured.
[6] Typical materials are
salts and
conductive polymers. Resistive sensors are less sensitive than capacitive sensors – the change in material properties is less, so they require more complex circuitry. The material properties also tend to depend both on humidity and temperature, which means in practice that the sensor must be combined with a temperature sensor. The accuracy and robustness against condensation vary depending on the chosen resistive material. Robust, condensation-resistant sensors exist with an accuracy of up to
±3% RH (
relative humidity).