Coil UVB bulbs (CFLs) are shunned because the most common ones are too weak to get the desired UVB levels far enough into the cage to be useful for an adult chameleon. Ironically, some of the more powerful CFLs (Compact Fluorescent Lights) are actually not healthy because they are way too powerful! (This is why it is a good thing for the community to not make broad brush statements).
But, to answer your question, It would be better to just wait until you can get your linear bulb as the CFL (coil bulb) will either produce not enough or too much UVB. So it would either be useless or damaging. The best way to bridge a gap in UVB light is to use a supplement that includes dietary vitamin D3. Multivitamins like Repashy Calcium Plus (regular or LoD) and Reptivite with D3 are common powders. In fact, you may be using one already. Typical supplementation schedules have one of these multivitamins given every two weeks. If you are following this then just look on the ingredients list and see if it says Vitamin D3 in there. Just use this for one of the feedings during the week while waiting for the replacement linear bulb.
We shy away from using dietary D3 because the chameleon can overdose on D3 while, with UVB it self-regulates. But, in a case like this, where the UVB is down, we can take advantage of the fact that dietary D3 is very effective. And, one extra feeding with the power is not going to be an overdose risk.