Parthenogenesis is seen to occur naturally in
aphids,
Daphnia,
rotifers,
nematodes and some other invertebrates, as well as in many plants. Among
vertebrates, strict parthenogenesis is only known to occur in lizards, snakes,
[38] birds
[39] and sharks,
[40] with fish, amphibians and reptiles exhibiting various forms of gynogenesis and hybridogenesis (an incomplete form of parthenogenesis).
[41] The first all-female (unisexual) reproduction in
vertebrates was described in the fish
Poecilia formosa in 1932.
[42] Since then at least 50 species of unisexual vertebrate have been described, including at least 20 fish, 25 lizards, a single snake species, frogs, and salamanders.
[41] Other usually sexual species may occasionally reproduce parthenogenetically; the
Komodo dragon and
hammerhead and
blacktip sharks are recent additions to the known list of spontaneous parthenogenetic vertebrates. As with all types of
asexual reproduction, there are both costs (low genetic diversity and therefore susceptibility to adverse mutations that might occur) and benefits (reproduction without the need for a male) associated with parthenogenesis.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis
