I have a male that I got through MBD and some may not agree but it worked.
First, I would put netting or towels about half way down across the length of the cage to catch him if he falls. Paperclips will work to hold it in place if you have a screen cage. You can find netting at most craft...
I use the salad mix for my iguanas. It has mustard and collard greens, peas, squash, bell pepper and other various veges. I also use dry cricket mix from flukers. Occasionally I will use small amounts of fruit.
I would think no on the peanut.
I have several fuzzy babies and I get all my supplies from Ferret.com. They have the best prices compared to what I pay locally. Congrats on the new addition.
They can be really good at hiding where they go, I would really search the enclosure. The orange ball sounds like a urate and not a good one. I would mist him alot and make sure he has a dripper on top of the showers. If he eats well a week is quite awhile. Check the temp in his basking spot it...
When mine eat every day, they have a movement every day. When there is a hunger strike or a off day they don't. I don't believe there is a rule for it. What happens with yours?
The white is the urine portion, you should find a brown part somewhere near by. Silkworms can make both a little watery due to the high liquid content. I don't think you have anything to worry about.